With the continuous expansion of pig breeding scale, the causes of live pig viral immunosuppressive disease are also increasing, and the cases of mixed, concurrent or secondary diseases in the breeding process are increasing year by year. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to understand the harm, causes and common types of swine viral immunosuppressive diseases for scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures. At the World Swine Industry Expo, experts shared about the viral immunosuppressive disease of pigs and the prevention and control methods.

1 Harm of swine viral immunosuppressive disease

First of all, after the occurrence of viral immune suppression disease in pigs, it will cause certain damage to the immune system of the body, and the immune response function of the immune cells of the body will be greatly weakened, and the pigs show two states of immune paralysis or immune tolerance after the disease. Secondly, the body's resistance to various diseases is greatly reduced, which will lead to pigs in a subclinical state for a long time. Finally, pigs with viral immunosuppression are very prone to mixed and concurrent infection of multiple diseases, and are also prone to secondary infection.

1.1 Infectious factors

In the actual breeding process, if some viral diseases occur in pigs, it is very easy to induce viral suppression diseases. The following viral infectious diseases are common in veterinary clinic: porcine circovirus disease, swine fever, porcine parvovirus disease, porcine pseudorabies and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (porcine blue ear disease).

1.2 Noninfectious factors

In the actual breeding process, the nutritional intake of pigs, the factors of immunization drugs, the stress response, the genetic factors, and the physical and chemical factors of pigs can lead to the viral immunosuppression of pigs. Pigs are prone to various diseases in the breeding process, and drugs must be used correctly for treatment. If there is no proper medication, or the dose of drugs used is not equal, it will lead to impaired body function and induce immunosuppressive diseases.

2 Common swine viral immunosuppressive disease

2.1 Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is also known as porcine blue ear disease in veterinary clinic. This disease is mainly caused by a highly contagious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in susceptible pigs, which can cause severe immune suppression in infected pigs.

2.2 Porcine Circovirus disease Type 2 (PCV2)

This disease is mainly a kind of multi-system organ dysfunction disease caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. The virus can cause the decrease and apoptosis of immune cells in infected pigs, and also lead to changes in the level of some cytokines that play a role in immune regulation, resulting in severe immunosuppression in infected pigs.

2.3 Swine Fever

This disease is an acute, febrile and highly contagious infectious disease caused by classical swine fever virus infection, which can cause severe immunosuppression symptoms in infected pigs.

The disease occurs all the year round, mainly divided into typical swine fever and atypical swine fever two kinds, in recent years, mainly sporadic epidemic, some of the infected pigs have no obvious symptoms, the fatality rate is relatively low.

3 Prevention and Control Measures

3.1 Improve the level of feeding management

According to the various factors that induce immunosuppressive disease in pigs, improving the body health of pigs can reduce the incidence of various diseases. In the production and breeding process, first of all, special attention should be paid to reducing the stress and stimulation of the pig herd, and do a good job of daily health and disease monitoring. Secondly, it is necessary to provide a good living environment for the pigs, do a good job of ventilation and ventilation in the pig house, and control the content of toxic ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other gases at a level that is harmless to the health of pigs.

3.2 Scientific immunization

Farms need to develop scientific vaccination plans according to the local epidemic situation and the actual breeding situation in the farm, especially for the prevention and control of common viral immunosuppressive diseases.

3.3 Establish and improve the biosafety prevention and control system

Pig farms shall establish a scientific and sound biosafety prevention and control system. First of all, scientific site selection, away from residential areas and downtown areas, reasonable construction layout. Secondly, we should build and improve disinfection management facilities. In addition, the farm also needs to focus on the introduction work, strictly prohibit the introduction of abnormal pigs, for the introduction of pigs only need to do inspection and quarantine and isolation feeding observation work, until the veterinary staff confirmed that there is no abnormality before mixed breeding.

4 Concluding Remarks

There are many causes of swine viral immunosuppressive diseases, including infectious and non-infectious factors. Farmers can take appropriate comprehensive prevention and control measures according to the epidemic characteristics of common viral immunosuppressive diseases and their inducing factors, so as to reduce the economic losses caused by such diseases.

If you would like to learn more about the pig industry, please visit the World Swine Industry Expo website for more information.

Source: Fate is the SWINE (SWINE INDUSTRY SCIENCE)

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